边缘计算开放词汇表 2023-03-29 笔记,摘录 暂无评论 3069 次阅读 # 边缘计算开放词汇表[v2.1.0] Open Glossary of Edge Computing [v2.1.0]  * 版本：v2.1.0 Version: v2.1.0 * 日期：2020年6月30日太平洋夏令时上午6:00 Date: June 30, 2020 6:00 AM PDT * 许可证：Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International（CC-BY-SA-4.0） License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA-4.0) <details><summary>机翻+润色：pro1515151515</summary><br> - 艰难的实时=>硬实时<br> - 开放式边缘计算词汇表=>边缘计算开放词汇表<br> - x运输=>交叉链路<br> - 回程和回程=>前传和回传<br> - 卡车轧辊=>驻场<br> - 卡车滚动=>驻场<br> - 精简计算=>薄计算<br> - 微小ML=>轻ML<br> - 如[Mahadev Satyanarayanan]所推广的那样(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadev_Satyanarayanan)卡内基梅隆大学=>如卡内基梅隆大学的[Mahadev Satyanarayanan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadev_Satyanarayanan)所推广的那样<br> - Cloudlet公司=>Cloudlet</details><br> ## 概述 Overview 边缘计算开放词汇表是一个免费许可的、开源的边缘计算相关术语词汇表。它是使用协作过程构建的，设计用于整个边缘计算生态系统，包括开源项目、供应商、标准团体、分析师、记者和从业者。Open Glossary由LF Edge State of The Edge项目下的一个工作组维护。 > The Open Glossary of Edge Computing is a freely-licensed, open source lexicon of terms related to edge computing. It has been built using a collaborative process and is designed for easy adoption by the entire edge computing ecosystem, including by open source projects, vendors, standards groups, analysts, journalists, and practitioners. The Open Glossary is maintained by a working group under the LF Edge State of the Edge project. ## 术语表 Glossary ### 3G、4G、5G 3G, 4G, 5G 第三代、第四代和第五代蜂窝技术。简单地说，3G代表着智能手机及其移动网络浏览器的引入；4G是当前一代的蜂窝技术，为移动设备提供真正的宽带互联网接入；即将到来的5G蜂窝技术将为蜂窝系统提供巨大的带宽和降低的延迟，支持从智能手机到自动驾驶汽车和大规模物联网的一系列设备。基础设施边缘的边缘计算被认为是5G的关键组成部分。 > 3rd, 4th, and 5th generation cellular technologies, respectively. In simple terms, 3G represents the introduction of the smartphone along with their mobile web browsers; 4G, the current generation cellular technology, delivers true broadband internet access to mobile devices; the coming 5G cellular technologies will deliver massive bandwidth and reduced latency to cellular systems, supporting a range of devices from smartphones to autonomous vehicles and large-scale IoT. Edge computing at the infrastructure edge is considered a key building block for 5G. 另请参阅：[多址边缘计算（MEC）](#多址边缘计算mec-multi-access-edge-computing-mec) > See also: [Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC)](#多址边缘计算mec-multi-access-edge-computing-mec) ### 接入边缘 Access Edge 最靠近物理最后一英里网络的服务提供商边缘的子层，从RAN或电缆头端零跳或一跳。例如，部署在蜂窝网络站点的边缘数据中心。接入边缘层用作服务提供商边缘的前线，并且通常连接到层次结构上游的区域边缘层。接入边缘的边缘计算由位于前端和中端站点的高度分布式服务器级基础设施组成，如蜂窝塔、电缆配电厂、聚合和预聚合集线器、中央办公室和其他设施，这些设施容纳网络接入设备，如蜂窝无线电基站，以及xDSL和xPON设备。访问边缘数据中心通常是微型模块化的，因为它们易于部署和独立操作。由于需要支持超低延迟工作负载，包括那些需要可预测地连接到最后一英里网络的工作负载，接入边缘设施通常位于无线电头或电缆头端的15公里范围内，最适合用于延迟在1ms-30ms以下的工作负载。 > The sub-layer of the Service Provider Edge closest to the physical last mile networks, zero or one hops from the RAN or cable headend. For example, an edge data center deployed at a cellular network site. The Access Edge Layer functions as the front line of the Service Provider Edge and typically connects to the Regional Edge layer upstream in the hierarchy. Edge compute at the Access Edge consists of highly-distributed server-class infrastructure located at front- and mid-haul sites, such as cell towers, cable distribution plants, aggregation and pre-aggregation hubs,central offices, and other facilities which house network access equipment such as cellular radio base stations, as well as xDSL and xPON equipment. Access Edge data centers are often of the micro-modular variety because of their ease of deployment and self-contained operation. Because of the need to support ultra-low-latency workloads, including those that require a predictable connection to the last mile network, Access Edge facilities are typically sited within 15km of the radio heads or cable head ends and are best used for workloads that require latencies in the sub-1ms - 30ms range. 另请参阅：[聚合边缘](#聚合边缘-aggregation-edge) > See also: [Aggregation Edge](#聚合边缘-aggregation-edge) ### 接入网络 Access Network 将用户和设备连接到其本地服务提供商的网络。它与连接服务提供商的核心网络形成对比。接入网络直接连接到基础设施边缘。 > A network that connects subscribers and devices to their local service provider. It is contrasted with the core network which connects service providers to one another. The access network connects directly to the infrastructure edge. ### 聚合边缘 Aggregation Edge 距离接入边缘一跳的服务提供商边缘层。可以作为中等规模的数据中心存在于单个位置，也可以由多个互连的微型数据中心组成，以在区域边缘和访问边缘之间形成分层拓扑，从而实现比单个数据中心位置更大的协作、工作负载故障切换和可扩展性。 > The layer of Service Provider edge one hop away from the Access Edge. Can exist as either a medium-scale data center in a single location or may be formed from multiple interconnected micro data centers to form a hierarchical topology between the Regional Edge and the Access Edge to allow for greater collaboration, workload failover and scalability than can be provided by a single data center location. 另请参阅：[访问边缘](#接入边缘-access-edge) > See also: [Access Edge](#接入边缘-access-edge) ### 基站 Base Station RAN（无线电接入网）中的一种网元，负责在一个或多个小区中向用户设备发送无线电信号或从用户设备接收无线电信号。基站可以具有集成天线，或者可以通过馈线电缆连接到天线阵列。使用专门的数字信号处理和网络功能硬件。在现代RAN架构中，为了灵活性、成本和性能，基站可以被划分为以软件操作的多个功能块。 > A network element in the RAN (Radio Access Network) which is responsible for the transmission and reception of radio signals in one or more cells to or from user equipment. A base station can have an integrated antenna or may be connected to an antenna array by feeder cables. Uses specialized digital signal processing and network function hardware. In modern RAN architectures, the base station may be split into multiple functional blocks operating in software for flexibility, cost and performance. 另请参阅：[Cloud RAN（C-RAN）](#云ranc-ran-cloud-ran-c-ran) > See also: [Cloud RAN (C-RAN)](#云ranc-ran-cloud-ran-c-ran) ### 基带单元（BBU） Baseband Unit (BBU) 基站的一个部件，负责基带无线电信号处理。使用专用硬件进行数字信号处理。在C-RAN架构中，BBU的功能可以作为VNF在软件中操作。 > A component of the Base Station which is responsible for baseband radio signal processing. Uses specialized hardware for digital signal processing. In a C-RAN architecture, the functions of the BBU may be operated in software as a VNF. 另请参阅：[Cloud RAN（C-RAN）](#云ranc-ran-cloud-ran-c-ran) > See also: [Cloud RAN (C-RAN)](#云ranc-ran-cloud-ran-c-ran) ### 中央办公室（CO） Central Office (CO) 一个特定地理区域内电信基础设施的集合点，电话公司历史上曾将其交换设备放置在该地理区域内。物理设计用于容纳电信基础设施设备，但通常不适合容纳边缘数据中心规模的计算、数据存储和网络资源，因为它们的地板以及加热、冷却、通风、灭火和电力输送系统不足。如果硬件是专门为边缘情况设计的，它可以应对中央办公室的物理限制。 > An aggregation point for telecommunications infrastructure within a defined geographical area where telephone companies historically located their switching equipment. Physically designed to house telecommunications infrastructure equipment but typically not suitable to house compute, data storage and network resources on the scale of an edge data center due to their inadequate flooring, as well as their heating, cooling, ventilation, fire suppression and power delivery systems. In the case when the hardware is specifically designed for edge cases it can cope with the physical constraints of Central Offices. 另请参阅：[中央办公室重新架构为数据中心（CORD）](#中央办公室重新架构为数据中心cord-central-office-re-architected-as-data-center-cord) > See also: [Central Office Re-architected as Data Center (CORD)](#中央办公室重新架构为数据中心cord-central-office-re-architected-as-data-center-cord) ### 中央办公室重新架构为数据中心（CORD） Central Office Re-architected as Data Center (CORD) 在CO内部署数据中心级计算和数据存储能力的举措。尽管这通常是逻辑拓扑上的，但CO设施通常在物理上不适合容纳边缘数据中心规模的计算、数据存储和网络资源，因为它们的地板以及供暖、制冷、通风、，灭火和电力输送系统。 > An initiative to deploy data center-level compute and data storage capability within the CO. Although this is often logical topologically, CO facilities are typically not physically suited to house compute, data storage and network resources on the scale of an edge data center due to their inadequate flooring, as well as their heating, cooling, ventilation, fire suppression and power delivery systems. 另请参阅：[中央办公室（CO）](#中央办公室co-central-office-co) > See also: [Central Office (CO)](#中央办公室co-central-office-co) ### 集中式数据中心 Centralized Data Center 一种大型的、通常是超规模的物理结构和逻辑实体，容纳大量的计算、数据存储和网络资源，由于其规模，这些资源通常由许多租户同时使用。与大多数用户相距很远，经常用于云计算。 > A large, often hyperscale physical structure and logical entity which houses large compute, data storage and network resources which are typically used by many tenants concurrently due to their scale. Located a significant geographical distance from the majority of their users and often used for cloud computing. 另请参阅：[云计算](#云计算-cloud-computing) > See also: [Cloud Computing](#云计算-cloud-computing) ### 云计算 Cloud Computing 一种提供对共享计算资源池的按需访问的系统，包括网络、存储和计算服务。目前，通常使用少量大型集中式数据中心和区域数据中心。 > A system to provide on-demand access to a shared pool of computing resources, including network, storage, and computation services. Typically utilizes a small number of large centralized data centers and regional data centers today. 另请参阅：[集中式数据中心](#集中式数据中心-centralized-data-center) > See also: [Centralized Data Center](#集中式数据中心-centralized-data-center) ### [云原生网络功能（CNF）](https://github.com/cncf/telecom-user-group/blob/master/whitepaper/cloud_native_thinking_for_telecommunications.md#1.4) [Cloud-native Network Function (CNF)](https://github.com/cncf/telecom-user-group/blob/master/whitepaper/cloud_native_thinking_for_telecommunications.md#1.4) 云原生网络功能（CNF）是一种实现网络功能的云原生应用程序。CNF由一个或多个微服务组成，并使用云原生原则开发，包括不可变的基础设施、声明性API和“可重复的部署过程”。 > A cloud native network function (CNF) is a cloud native application that implements network functionality. A CNF consists of one or more microservices and has been developed using Cloud Native Principles including immutable infrastructure, declarative APIs, and a “repeatable deployment process”. 简单CNF的一个例子是一个数据包过滤器，它将单个网络功能作为微服务来实现。防火墙是CNF的一个例子，它可以由一个以上的微服务（即加密、解密、访问列表、数据包检查等）组成。 > An example of a simple CNF is a packet filter that implements a single piece of network functionality as a microservice. A firewall is an example of a CNF which may be composed of more than one microservice (i.e. encryption, decryption, access lists, packet inspection, etc.). 另请参阅：[虚拟化网络功能（VNF）](#虚拟化网络功能vnf-virtualized-network-function-vnf) > See also: [Virtualized Network Function (VNF)](#虚拟化网络功能vnf-virtualized-network-function-vnf) ### 云节点 Cloud Node 作为云计算基础设施的一部分运行的计算节点，例如单个服务器或其他计算资源集。通常位于集中的数据中心内。 > A compute node, such as an individual server or other set of computing resources, operated as part of a cloud computing infrastructure. Typically resides within a centralized data center. 另请参见：[边缘节点](#边缘节点-edge-node) > See also: [Edge Node](#边缘节点-edge-node) ### 云RAN（C-RAN） Cloud RAN (C-RAN) RAN的一种演进，允许将无线基站的功能拆分为两个组件：远程无线电头（RRH）和集中式BBU。C-RAN不要求BBU与每个蜂窝无线电天线一起定位，而是允许BBU在离塔一定距离的聚合点（通常被称为[分布式天线系统（DAS）集线器](#分布式天线系统das集线器-distributed-antenna-system-das-hub)处操作。在聚合设施中共同定位多个BBU可以提高基础设施效率，并允许更优雅地向云RAN演进。在C-RAN架构中，由传统基站执行的任务通常作为在通用计算硬件上的基础设施边缘微数据中心上操作的VNF来执行。这些任务必须以高水平的性能和尽可能小的延迟执行，需要在蜂窝网络站点使用基础设施边缘计算来支持它们。 > An evolution of the RAN that allows the functionality of the wireless base station to be split into two components: A Remote Radio Head (RRH) and a centralized BBU. Rather than requiring a BBU to be located with each cellular radio antenna, C-RAN allows the BBUs to operate at some distance from the tower, at an aggregation point, often referred to as a [Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Hub](#分布式天线系统das集线器-distributed-antenna-system-das-hub). Co-locating multiple BBUs in an aggregation facility creates infrastructure efficiencies and allows for a more graceful evolution to Cloud RAN. In a C-RAN architecture, tasks performed by a legacy base station are often performed as VNFs operating on infrastructure edge micro data centers on general-purpose compute hardware. These tasks must be performed at high levels of performance and with as little latency as possible, requiring the use of infrastructure edge computing at the cellular network site to support them. 另请参阅：[基础设施边缘](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge)、[分布式天线系统（DAS）集线器](#分布式天线系统das集线器-distributed-antenna-system-das-hub) > See also: [Infrastructure Edge](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge), [Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Hub](#分布式天线系统das集线器-distributed-antenna-system-das-hub) ### 云服务提供商（CSP） Cloud Service Provider (CSP) 运营通常由集中式和区域性数据中心组成的大规模云资源的组织。最常用于公共云环境中。也可以被称为云服务运营商（CSO）。 > An organization which operates typically large-scale cloud resources comprised of centralized and regional data centers. Most frequently used in the context of the public cloud. May also be referred to as a Cloud Service Operator (CSO). 另请参阅：[云计算](#云计算-cloud-computing) > See also: [Cloud Computing](#云计算-cloud-computing) ### Cloudlet Cloudlet 在学术界，这个术语指的是基础设施边缘的移动增强型公共或私有云，如卡内基梅隆大学的[Mahadev Satyanarayanan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadev_Satyanarayanan)所推广的那样。它与本术语表中定义的术语[Edge Cloud](#边缘云-edge-cloud)同义。在文献中，它也可与[Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center)和[Edge Node](#边缘节点-edge-node)互换使用。在三层计算架构中，术语“cloudlet”指的是中间层（第2层），第1层是云，第3层是智能手机、可穿戴设备、智能传感器或其他重量/尺寸/能量受限的实体。在Akamai等CDN的上下文中，cloudlet指的是在CDN节点上部署自助式应用程序的做法。 > In academic circles, this term refers to a mobility-enhanced public or private cloud at the infrastructure edge, as popularized by [Mahadev Satyanarayanan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadev_Satyanarayanan) of Carnegie Mellon University. It is synonymous with the term [Edge Cloud](#边缘云-edge-cloud) as defined in this glossary. It has also been used interchangeably with [Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) and [Edge Node](#边缘节点-edge-node) in the literature. In a 3-tier computing architecture, the term "cloudlet" refers to the middle tier (Tier 2), with Tier 1 being the cloud and Tier 3 being a smartphone, wearable device, smart sensor or other such weight/size/energy-constrained entity. In the context of CDNs such as Akamai, cloudlet refers to the practice of deploying self-serviceable applications at CDN nodes. 另请参见：[Edge Cloud](#边缘云-edge-cloud)、[Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center)、[Edge-Node](#边缘节点-edge-node) > See also: [Edge Cloud](#边缘云-edge-cloud), [Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center), [Edge Node](#边缘节点-edge-node) ### 托管 Colocation 在同一物理位置（如同一物理结构内）部署由不同方拥有或运营的计算、数据存储和网络基础设施的过程。与共享基础架构不同，因为同一位置不需要边缘数据中心等基础架构具有多个租户或用户。 > The process of deploying compute, data storage and network infrastructure owned or operated by different parties in the same physical location, such as within the same physical structure. Distinct from Shared Infrastructure as co-location does not require infrastructure such as an edge data center to have multiple tenants or users. 另请参阅：[共享基础设施](#共享基础设施-shared-infrastructure) > See also: [Shared Infrastructure](#共享基础设施-shared-infrastructure) ### 计算卸载 Computational Offloading 一种边缘计算用例，其中任务从边缘设备卸载到基础设施边缘进行远程处理。例如，计算卸载通过将计算卸载到基础设施边缘来寻求移动设备的性能改进和节能，目的是最大限度地减少任务执行延迟和移动设备能耗。计算卸载还实现了新类别的移动应用程序，这些移动应用程序需要的计算能力和存储容量超过了设备单独能够使用的能力（例如，无限制的虚拟现实）。在其他情况下，为了提高性能，可以将工作负载从集中式数据中心卸载到边缘数据中心。该术语也被称为[云卸载](https://www.sigmobile.org/pubs/getmobile/articles/Vol18Issue4_1.pdf)和[网络觅食](https://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00447ED1V01Y201209MPC010)在文献中。 > An edge computing use case where tasks are offloaded from an edge device to the infrastructure edge for remote processing. Computational offloading seeks, for example, performance improvements and energy savings for mobile devices by offloading computation to the infrastructure edge with the goal of minimizing task execution latency and mobile device energy consumption. Computational offloading also enables new classes of mobile applications that would require computational power and storage capacity that exceeds what the device alone is capable of employing (e.g., untethered Virtual Reality). In other cases, workloads may be offloaded from a centralized to an edge data center for performance. The term is also referred to as [cloud offload](https://www.sigmobile.org/pubs/getmobile/articles/Vol18Issue4_1.pdf) and [cyber foraging](https://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00447ED1V01Y201209MPC010) in the literature. 另请参阅：[流量卸载](#交通卸载-traffic-offloading) > See also: [Traffic Offloading](#交通卸载-traffic-offloading) ### 受约束的设备边缘 Constrained Device Edge 另请参阅：[用户边缘](#用户边缘-user-edge)、[内部部署数据中心边缘](#内部部署数据中心边缘-on-premises-data-center-edge)、[IoT边缘](#物联网边缘-iot-edge)、[Smart Device边缘](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge)。 > See also: [User Edge](#用户边缘-user-edge), [On-Premises Data Center Edge](#内部部署数据中心边缘-on-premises-data-center-edge), [IoT Edge](#物联网边缘-iot-edge), [Smart Device Edge](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge). ### 内容交付网络（CDN） Content Delivery Network (CDN) 分布在整个网络中的分布式系统，将流行内容（如流式视频）定位在比传统集中式数据中心更靠近用户的位置。与数据中心不同，CDN节点通常包含没有密集计算资源的数据存储。当使用基础设施时，边缘计算CDN节点在边缘数据中心的软件中运行。 > A distributed system positioned throughout the network that positions popular content such as streaming video at locations closer to the user than are possible with a traditional centralized data center. Unlike a data center, a CDN node will typically contain data storage without dense compute resources. When using infrastructure edge computing CDN nodes operate in software at edge data centers. 另请参阅：[边缘数据中心](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) > See also: [Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) ### 核心网络 Core Network 服务提供商网络的一层，它将接入网络和连接到接入网络的设备连接到其他网络运营商和服务提供商，从而可以将数据传输到互联网或从互联网传输到其他网络或从其他网络传输数据。可能离基础设施边缘计算资源有几步之遥。 > The layer of the service provider network which connects the access network and the devices connected to it to other network operators and service providers, such that data can be transmitted to and from the internet or to and from other networks. May be multiple hops away from infrastructure edge computing resources. 另请参阅：[接入网络](#接入网络-access-network) > See also: [Access Network](#接入网络-access-network) ### 客户驻地设备（CPE） Customer-Premises Equipment (CPE) 本地设备，如电缆网络调制解调器，允许网络服务的用户连接到服务提供商的接入网络。通常从基础设施边缘计算资源向最终用户跳一跳。 > The local piece of equipment such as a cable network modem which allows the subscriber to a network service to connect to the access network of the service provider. Typically one hop away towards the end users from infrastructure edge computing resources. 另请参阅：[接入网络](#接入网络-access-network) > See also: [Access Network](#接入网络-access-network) ### 数据中心 Data Center 一种专门设计的结构，旨在容纳多个高性能计算和数据存储节点，以便在单个位置存在大量计算、数据存储和网络资源。这通常需要专门的机架和外壳系统、专门建造的地板，以及合适的加热、冷却、通风、安全、灭火和电力输送系统。在某些上下文中，也可以指计算和数据存储节点。集中数据中心、区域数据中心和边缘数据中心的规模各不相同。 > A purpose-designed structure that is intended to house multiple high-performance compute and data storage nodes such that a large amount of compute, data storage and network resources are present at a single location. This often entails specialized rack and enclosure systems, purpose-built flooring, as well as suitable heating, cooling, ventilation, security, fire suppression and power delivery systems. May also refer to a compute and data storage node in some contexts. Varies in scale between a centralized data center, regional data center and edge data center. 另请参阅：[集中式数据中心](#集中式数据中心-centralized-data-center) > See also: [Centralized Data Center](#集中式数据中心-centralized-data-center) ### 数据重力 Data Gravity 数据不能在网络上自由移动，而且随着数据量和网络端点之间距离的增加，这样做的成本和难度都会增加，而且应用程序会被吸引到数据所在的位置。在需要大规模数据摄取的应用程序中观察到。 > The concept that data is not free to move over a network and that the cost and difficulty of doing so increases as both the volume of data and the distance between network endpoints grows, and that applications will gravitate to where their data is located. Observed with applications requiring large-scale data ingest. 另请参阅：[Edge Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) > See also: [Edge-Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) ### 数据采集 Data Ingest 接收大量数据进行存储和后续处理的过程。一个例子是边缘数据中心为视频监控网络存储了大量镜头，然后必须对其进行处理以识别感兴趣的人。 > The process of taking in a large amount of data for storage and subsequent processing. An example is an edge data center storing much footage for a video surveillance network which it must then process to identify persons of interest. 另请参阅：[Edge Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) > See also: [Edge-Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) ### 数据缩减 Data Reduction 使用数据生产者和最终接收者之间的中间点来智能地减少传输的数据量，而不丢失数据的意义的过程。智能重复数据消除系统就是一个例子。 > The process of using an intermediate point between the producer and the ultimate recipient of data to intelligently reduce the volume of data transmitted, without losing the meaning of the data. An example is a smart data de-duplication system. 另请参阅：[Edge Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) > See also: [Edge-Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) ### 数据主权 Data Sovereignty 数据受所在国家、州、行业的法律法规或管理其使用和移动的适用法律框架约束的概念。 > The concept that data is subject to the laws and regulations of the country, state, industry it is in, or the applicable legal framework governing its use and movement. 另请参阅：[Edge Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) > See also: [Edge-Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) ### 决策支持 Decision Support 使用对原始数据的智能分析来产生对操作员有意义的建议。一个例子是处理基础设施边缘内物联网设备的大量传感器数据，以产生一个由操作员或更高自动化系统解释并对其有意义的单一语句。 > The use of intelligent analysis of raw data to produce a recommendation which is meaningful to a human operator. An example is processing masses of sensor data from IoT devices within the infrastructure edge to produce a single statement that is interpreted by and meaningful to a human operator or higher automated system. 另请参阅：[Edge Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) > See also: [Edge-Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) ### 设备边缘 Device Edge 最后一英里网络的设备或用户端的边缘计算功能。通常依赖于现场的网关或类似设备来收集和处理来自设备的数据。还可以使用智能手机、笔记本电脑和传感器等用户设备的有限备用计算和数据存储能力来处理边缘计算工作负载。与基础设施边缘不同，因为它使用设备资源。 > Edge computing capabilities on the device or user side of the last mile network. Often depends on a gateway or similar device in the field to collect and process data from devices. May also use limited spare compute and data storage capability from user devices such as smartphones, laptops and sensors to process edge computing workloads. Distinct from infrastructure edge as it uses device resources. 另请参阅：[基础设施边缘](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) > See also: [Infrastructure Edge](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) ### 设备边缘云 Device Edge Cloud 边缘云概念的扩展，其中某些工作负载可以在设备边缘可用的资源上进行操作。通常不提供类似云的弹性分配资源，但可能是零延迟工作负载的最佳选择。 > An extension of the edge cloud concept where certain workloads can be operated on resources available at the device edge. Typically does not provide cloud-like elastically-allocated resources, but may be optimal for zero-latency workloads. 另请参见：[边缘云](#边缘云-edge-cloud) > See also: [Edge Cloud](#边缘云-edge-cloud) ### 分布式天线系统（DAS）集线器 Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Hub 一种位置，用作许多无线电通信设备的汇聚点，通常用于支持蜂窝网络。可以包含或直接连接到部署在基础设施边缘的边缘数据中心。 > A location which serves as an aggregation point for many pieces of radio communications equipment, typically in support of cellular networks. May contain or be directly attached to an edge data center deployed at the infrastructure edge. 另请参阅：[边缘数据中心](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) > See also: [Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) ### 边缘云 Edge Cloud 位于基础设施边缘的类似云的功能，包括从用户角度访问弹性分配的计算、数据存储和网络资源。通常作为集中式公共或私有云的无缝扩展运行，由部署在基础设施边缘的微型数据中心构建。有时被称为分布式边缘云。 > Cloud-like capabilities located at the infrastructure edge, including from the user perspective access to elastically-allocated compute, data storage and network resources. Often operated as a seamless extension of a centralized public or private cloud, constructed from micro data centers deployed at the infrastructure edge. Sometimes referred to as distributed edge cloud. 另请参阅：[云计算](#云计算-cloud-computing) > See also: [Cloud Computing](#云计算-cloud-computing) ### 边缘计算 Edge Computing 将计算能力传递到网络的逻辑极端，以提高应用程序和服务的性能、运营成本和可靠性。通过缩短设备与为其服务的云资源之间的距离，并减少网络跳数，边缘计算缓解了当今互联网的延迟和带宽限制，带来了新的应用类别。从实际意义上讲，这意味着在当今的集中式数据中心和现场越来越多的设备之间的路径上分布新的资源和软件堆栈，特别是但不限于集中在基础设施和设备端的最后一英里网络附近。 > The delivery of computing capabilities to the logical extremes of a network in order to improve the performance, operating cost and reliability of applications and services. By shortening the distance between devices and the cloud resources that serve them, and also reducing network hops, edge computing mitigates the latency and bandwidth constraints of today's Internet, ushering in new classes of applications. In practical terms, this means distributing new resources and software stacks along the path between today's centralized data centers and the increasingly large number of devices in the field, concentrated, in particular, but not exclusively, in close proximity to the last mile network, on both the infrastructure and device sides. 另请参阅：[基础设施边缘](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) > See also: [Infrastructure Edge](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) ### 边缘数据中心 Edge Data Center 与传统的集中式数据中心相比，能够尽可能靠近网络边缘部署的数据中心。能够单独执行与集中式数据中心相同的功能，尽管规模较小。由于高度分布式的物理位置带来的独特限制，边缘数据中心通常采用自主操作、多租户、分布式和本地弹性以及开放标准。边缘是指这些数据中心通常部署的位置。它们的规模可以定义为微型，容量从50千瓦到150千瓦以上不等。多个边缘数据中心可以互连，以在本地区域内提供容量增强、故障缓解和工作负载迁移，作为虚拟数据中心运行。 > A data center which is capable of being deployed as close as possible to the edge of the network, in comparison to traditional centralized data centers. Capable of performing the same functions as centralized data centers although at smaller scale individually. Because of the unique constraints created by highly-distributed physical locations, edge data centers often adopt autonomic operation, multi-tenancy, distributed and local resiliency and open standards. Edge refers to the location at which these data centers are typically deployed. Their scale can be defined as micro, ranging from 50 to 150 kW+ of capacity. Multiple edge data centers may interconnect to provide capacity enhancement, failure mitigation and workload migration within the local area, operating as a virtual data center. 另请参阅：[虚拟数据中心](#虚拟数据中心-virtual-data-center) > See also: [Virtual Data Center](#虚拟数据中心-virtual-data-center) ### 边缘交换机 Edge Exchange 发生在边缘数据中心的互联网前流量交换，通常发生在访问边缘或访问边缘附近。该功能通常将在边缘数据中心的边缘会议室中执行，并且如果目的地位置不在边缘交换机处，则可以以补充或分层的方式与传统的集中式互联网交换点一起操作，如互联网绑定流量的情况。与区域或集中式互联网交换机相比，可以使用边缘交换机来尝试改善端到端应用延迟。 > Pre-internet traffic exchange occuring at an edge data center, often at or near the Access Edge. This function will typically be performed in the edge meet me room of an edge data center, and may operate in a supplemental or hierarchical fashion with traditional centralized internet exchange points if a destination location is not present at the edge exchange, as is the case with internet-bound traffic. An edge exchange may be used in an attempt to improve end-to-end application latency compared with a regional or centralized internet exchange. 另请参阅：[互联网交换点](#互联网交换点ix点或ixp-internet-exchange-point-ix-point-or-ixp) > See also: [Internet Exchange Point](#互联网交换点ix点或ixp-internet-exchange-point-ix-point-or-ixp) ### Edge会议室 Edge Meet Me Room 边缘数据中心内的一个区域，租户和电信提供商可以在该区域以与传统会议室环境相同的方式相互连接以及其他边缘数据中心，但边缘除外。 > An area within an edge data center where tenants and telecommunications providers can interconnect with each other and other edge data centers in the same fashion as they would in a traditional meet me room environment, except at the edge. 另请参阅：[互连](#互连-interconnection) > See also: [Interconnection](#互连-interconnection) ### 边缘网络结构 Edge Network Fabric 网络互连系统，通常是暗光纤或亮光纤，在基础设施边缘数据中心和区域内潜在的其他本地基础设施之间提供连接。这些网络由于其规模和最频繁的运营位置，可以被视为城域网，跨越通常位于城市中心的独特地理区域。 > The system of network interconnections, typically dark or lit fiber, providing connectivity between infrastructure edge data centers and potentially other local infrastructure in an area. These networks due to their scale and most frequent location of operation can be considered metropolitan area networks, spanning a distinct geographical area typically located in an urban center. 另请参阅：[边缘交换](#边缘交换机-edge-exchange) > See also: [Edge Exchange](#边缘交换机-edge-exchange) ### 边缘节点 Edge Node 作为边缘计算基础设施的一部分操作的计算节点，例如单个服务器或其他计算资源集。通常位于在基础设施边缘运行的边缘数据中心内，因此在物理上比集中式数据中心中的云节点更接近其预期用户。 > A compute node, such as an individual server or other set of computing resources, operated as part of an edge computing infrastructure. Typically resides within an edge data center operating at the infrastructure edge, and is therefore physically closer to its intended users than a cloud node in a centralized data center. 另请参见：[云节点](#云节点-cloud-node) > See also: [Cloud Node](#云节点-cloud-node) ### 边缘增强应用程序 Edge-Enhanced Application 一种能够在集中式数据中心中操作的应用程序，但在使用边缘计算操作时，它通常在延迟或功能优势方面获得性能。这些应用程序可以改编自在集中式数据中心中操作的现有应用程序，或者可以不需要更改。 > An application which is capable of operating in a centralized data center, but which gains performance, typically in terms of latency, or functionality advantages when operated using edge computing. These applications may be adapted from existing applications which operate in a centralized data center, or may require no changes. 另请参阅：[Edge Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) > See also: [Edge-Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) ### 边缘本机应用程序 Edge-Native Application 一种本机构建的应用程序，用于利用边缘计算功能，这对于在集中式数据中心中运行是不切实际或不可取的。边缘原生应用程序利用云原生原理，同时考虑到边缘在资源约束、安全性、延迟和自主性等领域的独特特性。边缘原生应用程序的开发方式是利用云并与上游资源协同工作。不理解集中式云计算资源、远程管理和编排或利用CI/CD的边缘应用程序并不是真正的“边缘原生”，而是更像传统的本地应用程序。核电站中没有连接到云的传统SCADA应用程序不会被视为边缘本地应用程序。可以使用边缘功能来提供数据摄取、数据缩减、实时决策支持，或解决数据主权问题。 > An application built natively to leverage edge computing capabilities, which would be impractical or undesirable to operate in a centralized data center. Edge-native applications leverage cloud-native principles while taking into account the unique characteristics of the edge in areas such as resource constraints, security, latency and autonomy. Edge native applications are developed in ways that leverage the cloud and work in concert with upstream resources. Edge applications that don’t comprehend centralized cloud compute resources, remote management and orchestration or leverage CI/CD aren’t truly “edge native”, rather they more closely resemble traditional on-premises applications. A traditional SCADA application within a nuclear power plant that has no connection to the cloud would not be considered an Edge-Native Application. May use edge capabilities to provide data ingest, data reduction, real-time decision support, or to solve data sovereignty issues. 另请参阅：[Edge Enhanced Application](#边缘增强应用程序-edge-enhanced-application) > See also: [Edge-Enhanced Application](#边缘增强应用程序-edge-enhanced-application) ### 雾计算 Fog Computing 一种早期的边缘计算概念，规定将计算和数据存储资源以及应用程序及其数据定位在用户和云之间的最佳位置，以提高性能和冗余。雾计算一词最初由思科创造，作为边缘计算的替代品，但最近被弃用，取而代之的是更精确的术语。 > An early edge computing concept that stipulates compute and data storage resources, as well as applications and their data, be positioned in the most optimal place between the user and Cloud with the goal of improving performance and redundancy. The term fog computing was originally coined by Cisco as an alternative to edge computing, but has more recently fallen into disuse in favor of more precise terms. 另请参阅：[工作负载编排](#工作负载编排-workload-orchestration) > See also: [Workload Orchestration](#工作负载编排-workload-orchestration) ### 网关设备 Gateway Device 用户边缘上的一种设备，用作其他本地设备的管道，目的是聚集和促进现场设备的数据传输，其中许多设备是电池供电的，可以在低功率状态下长时间运行。网关连接到这些设备并收集数据，以便转发到本地数据中心或通过最后一英里网络进行传输。 > A device on the User Edge which operate as conduit for other local devices, with the goal of aggregating and facilitating data transference from devices in the field, many of which are battery-operated and may operate for extended periods in a low-power state. Gateways connect to these devices and collect data for forwarding to On-Premises Data Centers or for transit across the last mile network. 另请参阅：[资源受限设备](#资源受限的设备-resource-constrained-device) > See also: [Resource Constrained Device](#资源受限的设备-resource-constrained-device) ### 硬实时 Hard Real Time 与需要确定性响应的用例或应用程序相关，其中消息必须以可预测的方式按时到达，否则可能导致严重或危及生命的故障。PLC、RTU和ECU等资源多年来一直用于工业过程控制、机械、飞机、车辆和无人机，需要实时操作系统（RTOS）和专门的固定功能逻辑。硬实时功能的示例包括控制工业车床、施加车辆制动器或展开车辆安全气囊；这些功能在用户边缘普遍执行，因为无论连接的速度和可靠性如何，它们都不能依赖对最后一英里网络的控制。 > Related to a use case or application that requires deterministic responses, where messages must arrive on time and in a predictable fashion and a failure to do so could result in critical or life-threatening malfunction. Resources like PLCs, RTUs and ECUs have been used in industrial process control, machinery, aircraft, vehicles and drones for many years, requiring a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) and specialized, fixed-function logic. Examples of hard real time functions include controlling an industrial lathe, applying a vehicle’s brakes or deploying a vehicle’s airbag; these functions are universally performed at the User Edge because they can't rely on control over a last mile network regardless of the speed and reliability of that connection. 另请参阅：[实时](#实时-real-time)、[软实时](#软实时-soft-real-time) > See also: [Real Time](#实时-real-time), [Soft Real Time](#软实时-soft-real-time) ### 基础设施边缘 Infrastructure Edge 最近被LF Edge分类法中的服务提供商边缘一词所取代，基础设施边缘在历史上指的是计算能力，通常以一个或多个边缘数据中心的形式，部署在最后一英里网络的运营商侧。位于基础设施边缘的计算、数据存储和网络资源允许类似于集中式数据中心的云功能，例如资源的弹性分配，但由于与集中式或区域性数据中心相比，用户的本地化程度更高，因此延迟更低，数据传输成本更低。 > Recently replaced by the term Service Provider Edge in the LF Edge taxonomy, the Infrastructure Edge historically referred to computing capability, typically in the form of one or more edge data centers, which is deployed on the operator side of the last mile network. Compute, data storage and network resources positioned at the infrastructure edge allow for cloud-like capabilities similar to those found in centralized data centers such as the elastic allocation of resources, but with lower latency and lower data transport costs due to a higher degree of locality to user than with a centralized or regional data center. 另请参阅：[设备边缘](#设备边缘-device-edge)、[服务提供商边缘](#服务提供商边缘-service-provider-edge) > See also: [Device Edge](#设备边缘-device-edge), [Service Provider Edge](#服务提供商边缘-service-provider-edge) ### 互连 Interconnection 通常通过光纤电缆将一方的网络连接到另一方的连接，例如在互联网对等点、会议室或运营酒店。该术语还可以指两个数据中心之间或数据中心内租户之间的连接，例如在边缘会议室。 > The linkage, often via fiber optic cable, that connects one party's network to another, such as at an internet peering point, in a meet-me room or in a carrier hotel. The term may also refer to connectivity between two data centers or between tenants within a data center, such as at an edge meet me room. 另请参阅：[Edge Meet Me Room](#edge会议室-edge-meet-me-room) > See also: [Edge Meet Me Room](#edge会议室-edge-meet-me-room) ### 互联网边缘 Internet Edge 基础设施边缘内的子层，基础设施边缘和互联网之间的互连发生在该子层。包含用于提供这种高性能互连水平的边缘会议室和其他设备。 > A sub-layer within the infrastructure edge where the interconnection between the infrastructure edge and the internet occurs. Contains the edge meet me room and other equipment used to provide this high-performance level of interconnectivity. 另请参阅：[互连](#互连-interconnection) > See also: [Interconnection](#互连-interconnection) ### 互联网交换点（IX点或IXP） Internet Exchange Point (IX point or IXP) 大型网络提供商和其他实体聚集在一起直接交换流量的地方。典型的服务提供商将通过IXP访问第1层全球提供商及其网络，尽管它们也充当类似网络的交汇点。IXP有时被称为开利酒店，因为有许多不同的组织可用于流量交换和对等。互联网边缘可能经常连接到IXP。 > Places in which large network providers, among other entities, converge for the direct exchange of traffic. A typical service provider will access tier 1 global providers and their networks via IXPs, though they also serve as meet points for like networks. IXPs are sometimes referred to as Carrier Hotels because of the many different organizations available for traffic exchange and peering. The internet edge may often connect to an IXP. 另请参阅：[互联网边缘](#互联网边缘-internet-edge) > See also: [Internet Edge](#互联网边缘-internet-edge) ### 物联网边缘 IoT Edge 智能设备边缘的一个子集，由针对物联网用例的无头（即在常规操作中没有用户界面）计算资源组成 > A subset of the Smart Device Edge composed of headless (i.e., has no user interface in regular operation) compute resources targeted at IoT use cases 另请参阅：[智能设备边缘](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge)、[用户边缘](#用户边缘-user-edge) > See also: [Smart Device Edge](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge), [User Edge](#用户边缘-user-edge) ### IP聚合 IP Aggregation 在基础设施边缘使用计算、数据存储和网络资源来分离和路由在可能的最早点从蜂窝网络RAN接收的网络数据。如果不使用IP聚合，则此数据可能需要经过更长的路径才能到达本地CO或其他聚合点，然后才能路由到互联网或其他网络。提高了用户的蜂窝网络QoS。 > The use of compute, data storage and network resources at the infrastructure edge to separate and route network data received from the cellular network RAN at the earliest point possible. If IP aggregation is not used, this data may be required to take a longer path to a local CO or other aggregation point before it can be routed on to the internet or another network. Improves cellular network QoS for the user. 另请参阅：[服务质量（QoS）](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) > See also: [Quality of Service (QoS)](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) ### 抖动 Jitter 在一段时间内观察到的网络数据传输延迟的变化。以毫秒为单位测量，作为在测量周期内记录的从最低到最高的观察到的延迟值的范围。VoIP、自动驾驶和在线游戏等实时应用程序的一个关键指标假设延迟变化很小，并且对该指标的变化很敏感。 > The variation in network data transmission latency observed over a period of time. Measured in terms of milliseconds as a range from the lowest to highest observed latency values which are recorded over the measurement period. A key metric for real-time applications such as VoIP, autonomous driving and online gaming which assume little latency variation is present and are sensitive to changes in this metric. 另请参阅：[服务质量（QoS）](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) > See also: [Quality of Service (QoS)](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) ### 最后一英里 Last Mile 电信网络中连接服务提供商和客户的部分。客户与基础架构之间的连接类型和距离决定了客户可用的性能和服务。最后一英里是接入网络的一部分，也是在服务提供商控制范围内离用户最近的网段。这方面的例子包括从DOCSIS前端站点到电缆调制解调器的布线，或者客户的移动设备和蜂窝网络站点之间的无线连接。 > The segment of a telecommunications network that connects the service provider to the customer. The type of connection and distance between the customer and the infrastructure determines the performance and services available to the customer. The last mile is part of the access network, and is also the network segment closest to the user that is within the control of the service provider. Examples of this include cabling from a DOCSIS headend site to a cable modem, or the wireless connection between a customer's mobile device and a cellular network site. 另请参阅：[接入网络](#接入网络-access-network) > See also: [Access Network](#接入网络-access-network) ### 延迟 Latency 在网络数据传输的上下文中，一个数据单元（通常是一个帧或数据包）从其始发设备传输到其预定目的地所花费的时间。在两个或多个端点之间的单个或重复时间点以毫秒为单位测量。优化现代应用程序用户体验的关键指标。与抖动不同，抖动指的是延迟随时间的变化。有时表示为往返时间（RTT）。 > In the context of network data transmission, the time taken by a unit of data (typically a frame or packet) to travel from its originating device to its intended destination. Measured in terms of milliseconds at single or repeated points in time between two or more endpoints. A key metric of optimizing the modern application user experience. Distinct from jitter which refers to the variation of latency over time. Sometimes expressed as Round Trip Time (RTT). 另请参阅：[服务质量（QoS）](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) > See also: [Quality of Service (QoS)](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) ### 延迟关键应用程序 Latency Critical Application 一个应用程序，如果延迟超过特定阈值，它将无法正常工作或将破坏性地工作。延迟关键型应用程序通常负责实时任务，例如支持自动驾驶汽车或控制机器对机器的过程。与延迟敏感应用程序不同，超过延迟要求通常会导致应用程序失败。 > An application that will fail to function or will function destructively if latency exceeds certain thresholds. Latency critical applications are typically responsible for real-time tasks such as supporting an autonomous vehicle or controlling a machine-to-machine process. Unlike Latency Sensitive Applications, exceeding latency requirements will often result in application failure. 另请参阅：[Edge Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) > See also: [Edge-Native Application](#边缘本机应用程序-edge-native-application) ### 延迟敏感应用程序 Latency Sensitive Application 一种应用程序，在该应用程序中，延迟减少可以提高性能，但如果延迟高于预期，则仍然可以运行。与延迟关键型应用程序不同，超过延迟目标通常不会导致应用程序失败，但可能会导致用户体验下降。示例包括图像处理和批量数据传输。 > An application in which reduced latency improves performance, but which can still function if latency is higher than desired. Unlike a Latency Critical Application, exceeding latency targets will typically not result in application failure, though may result in a diminished user experience. Examples include image processing and bulk data transfers. 另请参阅：[Edge Enhanced Application](#边缘增强应用程序-edge-enhanced-application) > See also: [Edge-Enhanced Application](#边缘增强应用程序-edge-enhanced-application) ### 局部突破 Local Breakout 在边缘网络节点（如边缘数据中心）将绑定到互联网的流量放到互联网上的能力，而不需要流量经过更长的路径返回到聚合和更集中的设施。 > The capability to put internet-bound traffic onto the internet at an edge network node, such as an edge data center, without requiring the traffic to take a longer path back to an aggregated and more centralized facility. ### 位置意识 Location Awareness 使用RAN数据和其他可用数据源以高精度确定用户所在的位置以及用户在不久的将来可能位于的位置，以实现工作负载迁移的目的，从而确保最佳的应用程序性能。 > The use of RAN data and other available data sources to determine with a high level of accuracy where a user is and where they may be located in the near future, for the purposes of workload migration to ensure optimum application performance. 另请参见：[基于位置的节点选择](#基于位置的节点选择-location-based-node-selection) > See also: [Location-Based Node Selection](#基于位置的节点选择-location-based-node-selection) ### 基于位置的节点选择 Location-Based Node Selection 一种基于节点相对于设备物理位置的物理位置来选择在其上运行工作负载的最佳边缘节点的方法，目的是提高应用程序工作负载性能。工作负载编排的一部分。 > A method of selecting an optimal edge node on which to run a workload based on the node's physical location in relation to the device's physical location with the aim of improving application workload performance. A part of workload orchestration. 另请参阅：[工作负载编排](#工作负载编排-workload-orchestration) > See also: [Workload Orchestration](#工作负载编排-workload-orchestration) ### 管理和编排（MANO） Management and Orchestration (MANO) 在边缘计算的背景下，这是边缘设备和边缘应用程序在其整个生命周期中的管理和协调，包括供应、监控、更新、操作和保护应用程序和数据。不同的边缘层需要类似的原则，但由于固有的技术权衡，如可用的计算足迹、在失去最后一英里连接的时期的自主性、正常运行时间需求、时间关键性等，通常取决于不同的工具集。 > In the context of edge computing, this is the management and orchestration of edge devices and edge applications over their entire lifecycle, including provisioning, monitoring, updating, operating and securing apps and data. Different edge tiers require similar principles but often depend on different tool sets due to inherent technical trade offs like available compute footprint, autonomy in periods of lost last mile connectivity, uptime needs, time criticality and so forth. ### 微型模块化数据中心（MMDC） Micro Modular Data Center (MMDC) 以较小规模应用模块化数据中心概念的数据中心，通常容量为50至150千瓦。采用多种可能的形式，包括机架安装机柜，可根据需要部署在室内或室外。与较大的模块化数据中心一样，微型模块化数据Center能够与其他数据中心相结合，以增加一个区域的可用资源。 > A data center which applies the modular data center concept at a smaller scale, typically from 50 to 150 kW in capacity. Takes a number of possible forms including a rackmount cabinet which may be deployed indoors or outdoors as required. Like larger modular data centers, micro modular data centers are capable of being combined with other data centers to increase available resource in an area. 另请参阅：[边缘数据中心](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) > See also: [Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) ### 混合关键性工作负载整合 Mixed-Criticality Workload Consolidation 将硬实时或延迟和安全关键的工作负载与软实时和延迟敏感的工作负载（如公共边缘基础设施上的AI/ML模型）合并在一起的做法。 > The practice of consolidating hard real time or latency- and safety-critical workloads alongside soft real time and latency-sensitive workloads such as AI/ML models on common edge infrastructure. ### 移动边缘 Mobile Edge 基础设施边缘、设备边缘和网络切片功能的组合，经过调整以支持特定的用例，如实时自动驾驶汽车控制、自动驾驶汽车寻路和车载娱乐。这样的应用程序通常结合了对高带宽、低延迟和无缝可靠性的需求。 > A combination of infrastructure edge, device edge and network slicing capabilities which are tuned to support specific use cases, such as real-time autonomous vehicle control, autonomous vehicle pathfinding and in-car entertainment. Such applications often combine the need for high-bandwidth, low-latency and seamless reliability. 另请参阅：[基础设施边缘](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) > See also: [Infrastructure Edge](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) ### 移动网络运营商 Mobile Network Operator (MNO) 蜂窝网络的运营商，通常负责网络有效部署和运行所需的物理资产，如RAN设备和网络站点。与MVNO不同，因为MNO负责物理网络资产。可能包括部署在基础设施边缘的边缘数据中心，这些中心位于这些资产下的蜂窝站点或与其连接。通常也是提供对其他网络和互联网的接入的服务提供商。 > The operator of a cellular network, who is typically responsible for the physical assets such as RAN equipment and network sites required for the network to be deployed and operate effectively. Distinct from MVNO as the MNO is responsible for physical network assets. May include those edge data centers deployed at the infrastructure edge positioned at or connected to their cell sites under these assets. Typically also a service provider providing access to other networks and the internet. 另请参阅：[移动虚拟网络运营商（MVNO）](#移动虚拟网络运营商-mobile-virtual-network-operator-mvno) > See also: [Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO)](#移动虚拟网络运营商-mobile-virtual-network-operator-mvno) ### 移动虚拟网络运营商 Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) 类似于MNO的服务提供商，区别在于MVNO不拥有或经常运营其自己的蜂窝网络基础设施。尽管他们不会拥有部署在连接到他们可能使用的小区站点的基础设施边缘的边缘数据中心，但MVNO可能是该边缘数据中心内的租户。 > A service provider similar to an MNO with the distinction that the MVNO does not own or often operate their own cellular network infrastructure. Although they will not own an edge data center deployed at the infrastructure edge connected to a cell site they may be using, the MVNO may be a tenant within that edge data center. 另请参阅：[移动网络运营商（MNO）](#移动网络运营商-mobile-network-operator-mno) > See also: [Mobile Network Operator (MNO)](#移动网络运营商-mobile-network-operator-mno) ### 模块化数据中心（MDC） Modular Data Center (MDC) 一种为可移植性而设计的数据中心部署方法。高性能计算、数据存储和网络功能安装在便携式结构中，例如集装箱，然后可以将其运输到需要的地方。这些数据中心可以与现有的数据中心或其他模块化数据中心相结合，以根据需要增加可用的本地资源。 > A method of data center deployment which is designed for portability. High-performance compute, data storage and network capability is installed within a portable structure such as a shipping container which can then be transported to where it is required. These data centers can be combined with existing data centers or other modular data centers to increase the local resources available as required. 另请参阅：[微型模块化数据中心（MMDC）](#微型模块化数据中心mmdc-micro-modular-data-center-mmdc) > See also: [Micro Modular Data Centr (MMDC)](#微型模块化数据中心mmdc-micro-modular-data-center-mmdc) ### 多址边缘计算（MEC） Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) 由ETSI赞助的一种开放应用程序框架，用于支持与无线电接入网（RAN）紧密耦合的服务的开发。MEC于2014年正式成立，旨在通过标准化的软件平台、API和编程模型来增强4G和5G无线基站，以在无线网络边缘构建和部署应用程序。MEC允许部署诸如无线感知视频优化之类的服务，该服务利用缓存、缓冲和实时转码来减少蜂窝网络的拥塞并改善用户体验。ETSI工作组最初被称为移动边缘计算，2016年更名为多址边缘计算，以承认他们将MEC扩展到蜂窝之外，包括其他接入技术的雄心。利用部署在基础设施边缘的边缘数据中心。 > An open application framework sponsored by ETSI to support the development of services tightly coupled with the Radio Access Network (RAN). Formalized in 2014, MEC seeks to augment 4G and 5G wireless base stations with a standardized software platform, API and programming model for building and deploying applications at the edge of the wireless networks. MEC allows for the deployment of services such as radio-aware video optimization, which utilizes caching, buffering and real-time transcoding to reduce congestion of the cellular network and improve the user experience. Originally known as Mobile Edge Computing, the ETSI working group renamed itself to Multi-Access Edge Computing in 2016 in order to acknowledge their ambition to expand MEC beyond cellular to include other access technologies. Utilizes edge data centers deployed at the infrastructure edge. 另请参阅：[基础设施边缘](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) > See also: [Infrastructure Edge](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) ### 接近实时 Near Real Time 应用程序或用例受益于离散的、低延迟的定时，但对低延迟但不是硬实时的定时有一定的容忍度。 > Applications or use cases that benefit from discrete, low-latency timing, but which have some tolerance for timing that is low-latency but not Hard Real Time. 另请参阅：[软实时](#软实时-soft-real-time) > See also: [Soft Real Time](#软实时-soft-real-time) ### 网络功能虚拟化（NFV） Network Function Virtualization (NFV) 将网络功能从专有硬件设备内的嵌入式服务迁移到使用行业标准虚拟化和云计算技术在标准x86和ARM服务器上运行的基于软件的VNF。在许多情况下，NFV处理和数据存储将发生在直接连接到基础设施边缘内的本地蜂窝站点的边缘数据中心。 > The migration of network functions from embedded services inside proprietary hardware appliances to software-based VNFs running on standard x86 and ARM servers using industry standard virtualization and cloud computing technologies. In many cases NFV processing and data storage will occur at the edge data centers that are connected directly to the local cellular site, within the infrastructure edge. 另请参阅：[虚拟化网络功能（VNF）](#虚拟化网络功能vnf-virtualized-network-function-vnf) > See also: [Virtualized Network Function (VNF)](#虚拟化网络功能vnf-virtualized-network-function-vnf) ### 网络跃点 Network Hop 在网络上传输的数据的路由或交换发生的点；关于该数据的下一个直接目的地的决策点，通常在诸如路由器之类的聚合设备处。减少用户和应用程序之间的网络跳数是边缘计算的主要性能目标之一。 > A point at which the routing or switching of data in transit across a network occurs; a decision point, typically at an aggregating device such as a router, as to the next immediate destination of that data. Reducing the number of network hops between user and application is one of the primary performance goals of edge computing. 另请参阅：[边缘计算](#边缘计算-edge-computing) > See also: [Edge Computing](#边缘计算-edge-computing) ### 北部、南部、东部和西部数据流 North, South, East and West Data Flow 指的是通过边缘到集中式云数据中心连续体的数据流的方向性。北向是指“上游”的数据流，例如从部署在用户边缘的资源到部署在服务提供商边缘和集中式云的资源；而南向指的是在相反方向上流动的数据。东向和西向数据流是指在整个连续体上相同/相似位置的资源对等体之间的相互通信。 > Refers to the directionality of data flow across the edge to or from the centralized cloud data center continuum. Northbound refers to data flowing “upstream,” such as from resources deployed at the User Edge to resources deployed at the Service Provider Edge and centralized cloud; whereas, southbound refers to data flowing in the opposite direction. Eastbound and westbound data flow refers to intercommunication between resource peers at the same/similar locations along the overall continuum. ### 内部部署数据中心边缘 On-Premises Data Center Edge 用户边缘的一个子类别，由位于最终用户运营的建筑物（如办公室和工厂）内或附近的服务器类计算基础设施组成。这些地点的IT设备位于传统的私有数据中心和模块化数据中心（MDCs）内。这些资源在可用房地产、电力和制冷的范围内具有适度的可扩展性。用于安全和MANO的工具与云数据中心中使用的工具类似。 > A subcategory of the User Edge consisting of server-class compute infrastructure located within, or in close proximity to, buildings operated by end users, such as offices and factories. IT equipment in these locations is housed within traditional, privately-owned data centers and Modular Data Centers (MDCs). These resources are moderately scalable within the confines of available real estate, power and cooling. Tools for security and MANO are similar to those used in cloud data centers. 另请参阅：[用户边缘](#用户边缘-user-edge)、[智能设备边缘](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge)、[物联网边缘](#物联网边缘-iot-edge)、[受限设备边缘]。 > See also: [User Edge](#用户边缘-user-edge), [Smart Device Edge](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge), [IoT Edge](#物联网边缘-iot-edge), [Constrained Device Edge](#constrained-device-edge). ### 顶级服务提供商（OTT） Over-the-Top Service Provider (OTT) 不拥有或运营底层网络的应用程序或服务提供商，在某些情况下，不运营向用户提供应用程序或业务所需的数据中心基础设施。流媒体视频服务和MVNO是当今非常常见的OTT服务提供商的例子。通常是数据中心租户。 > An application or service provider who does not own or operate the underlying network, and in some cases data center, infrastructure required to deliver their application or service to users. Streaming video services and MVNOs are examples of OTT service providers that are very common today. Often data center tenants. 另请参阅：[移动虚拟网络运营商（MVNO）](#移动虚拟网络运营商-mobile-virtual-network-operator-mvno) > See also: [Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO)](#移动虚拟网络运营商-mobile-virtual-network-operator-mvno) ### 易逝数据 Perishable Data 如果在此时采取行动，则最有价值的数据，并且在处理后可能会被丢弃，以降低通过最后一英里网络连接的成本。可以通过本地处理来自传感器的数据，然后只向服务提供商边缘或云发送相关信息，而不是原始数据流，来优化应用程序和连接。 > Data that is most valuable if acted on in the moment, and which can potentially be discarded once processed in order to reduce the cost of connectivity through the last mile network. Applications and connectivity can be optimized by processing data from sensors locally and then sending only relevant information to the Service Provider Edge or cloud, instead of raw streams of data. ### 存在点（PoP） Point of Presence (PoP) 他们网络基础设施中的一个点，服务提供商允许用户或合作伙伴连接到他们的网络。在边缘计算的上下文中，在许多情况下，如果IXP不在本地区域内，则PoP将在边缘会议室内。边缘数据中心将连接到PoP，然后PoP连接到IXP。 > A point in their network infrastructure where a service provider allows connectivity to their network by users or partners. In the context of edge computing, in many cases a PoP will be within an edge meet me room if an IXP is not within the local area. The edge data center would connect to a PoP which then connects to an IXP. 另请参阅：[互连](#互连-interconnection) > See also: [Interconnection](#互连-interconnection) ### 体验质量（QoE） Quality of Experience (QoE) 高级使用QoS原理对应用程序和网络性能进行更详细和细致的测量，目的是进一步改善应用程序和网络的用户体验。也指主动测量性能并根据需要调整配置或负载平衡的系统。因此，可以被视为工作负载编排的一个组件，作为智能编排器的高保真度数据源运行。 > The advanced use of QoS principles to perform more detailed and nuanced measurements of application and network performance with the goal of further improving the user experience of the application and network. Also refers to systems which will proactively measure performance and adjust configuration or load balancing as required. Can therefore be considered a component of workload orchestration, operating as a high-fidelity data source for an intelligent orchestrator. 另请参阅：[工作负载编排](#工作负载编排-workload-orchestration) > See also: [Workload Orchestration](#工作负载编排-workload-orchestration) ### 服务质量（QoS） Quality of Service (QoS) 衡量网络和数据中心基础设施为特定应用程序（通常为特定用户）提供服务的情况。吞吐量、延迟和抖动都是关键的QoS测量指标，边缘计算试图为许多不同类型的应用程序（从实时到批量数据传输用例）改进这些指标。 > A measure of how well the network and data center infrastructure is serving a particular application, often to a specific user. Throughput, latency and jitter are all key QoS measurement metrics which edge computing seeks to improve for many different types of application, from real-time to bulk data transfer use cases. 另请参阅：[边缘计算](#边缘计算-edge-computing) > See also: [Edge Computing](#边缘计算-edge-computing) ### 无线电接入网 Radio Access Network (RAN) 接入网络的一种无线变体，通常指3G、4G或5G等蜂窝网络。5G RAN将得到基础设施边缘的计算、数据存储和网络资源的支持，因为它利用了NFV和C-RAN。 > A wireless variant of the access network, typically referring to a cellular network such as 3G, 4G or 5G. The 5G RAN will be supported by compute, data storage and network resources at the infrastructure edge as it utilizes NFV and C-RAN. 另请参阅：[Cloud RAN（C-RAN）](#云ranc-ran-cloud-ran-c-ran) > See also: [Cloud-RAN (C-RAN)](#云ranc-ran-cloud-ran-c-ran) ### 实时 Real Time 受益于或需要离散、低延迟计时的应用程序或用例。 > An application or use case that benefits from or requires discrete, low-latency timing. 另请参阅：[硬实时](#硬实时-hard-real-time)、[软实时](#软实时-soft-real-time) > See Also: [Hard Real Time](#硬实时-hard-real-time), [Soft Real Time](#软实时-soft-real-time) ### 区域数据中心 Regional Data Center 规模介于集中式数据中心和微型模块化数据中心之间的数据中心，该数据中心已建成足够的规模，位置方便，可为整个地区提供服务。物理上比访问边缘更远离最终用户和设备，但比集中式数据中心更接近他们。在某些情况下也称为大都市数据中心。传统云计算的一部分。 > A data center positioned in scale between a centralized data center and a micro-modular data center, which has been built to sufficient size and is conveniently located to serve an entire region. Physically further away from end users and devices than the Access Edge, but closer to them than a centralized data center. Also referred to as a metropolitan data center in some contexts. Part of traditional cloud computing. 另请参阅：[云计算](#云计算-cloud-computing)，[区域边缘](#区域边缘-regional-edge) > See also: [Cloud Computing](#云计算-cloud-computing), [Regional Edge](#区域边缘-regional-edge) ### 区域边缘 Regional Edge 服务提供商边缘的一个子类别，由位于区域数据中心的服务器类基础设施组成，这些数据中心也往往用作主要的对等站点。区域边缘站点通常以Equinix和Digital Realty等公司拥有的多租户托管（MTCO）设施的形式存在，但也可以采取电信公司网络拥有的回程设施的形式，该网络已升级为服务器级IT设备。区域边缘站点通常还提供区域互联网交换（IX）点，租户可以在这里连接到其他网络并连接到全国范围的互联网骨干网。大型云提供商、网络规模公司、CDN和其他企业在这些设施中放置服务器和存储，以减少到达集中式数据中心所需的延迟和网络跳数，但不需要访问边缘或用户边缘提供的超低延迟。大量数据通过这些位置。区域数据中心中的边缘计算资源可以与访问边缘和用户边缘的资源协同工作，以提供不同层次的延迟。一般来说，区域边缘数据中心能够支持边缘工作负载，这些工作负载可以容忍30ms到100ms范围内的延迟。 > A subcategory of the Service Provider Edge consisting of server-class infrastructure located in regional data centers which also tend to serve as major peering sites. Regional edge sites are commonly in the form of Multi-Tenant Colocation (MTCO) facilities owned by companies like Equinix and Digital Realty, but can also take the form of a backhaul facility owned by a telco network that has been upgraded to house server-class IT equipment. Regional Edge sites usually provide, also, a regional Internet Exchange (IX) point, where tenants can connect to other networks and reach nationwide Internet backbones. Large cloud providers, web-scale companies, CDNs and other enterprises place servers and storage in these facilities to reduce the latency and network hops that would otherwise be required to reach a centralized data center, but which do not require the ultra low-latencies available at the Access Edge or at the User Edge. A rich confluence of data passes through these locations. Edge computing resources in a regional data center can work in conjunction with resources at the Access Edge and the User Edge to deliver different tiers of latency. As a general rule, Regional Edge data centers are capable of supporting edge workloads that can tolerate latencies in the 30ms - 100ms range. 另请参阅：[接入边缘](#接入边缘-access-edge)、[服务提供商边缘](#服务提供商边缘-service-provider-edge)、[区域数据中心](#区域数据中心-regional-data-center) > See also: [Access Edge](#接入边缘-access-edge), [Service Provider Edge](#服务提供商边缘-service-provider-edge), [Regional Data Center](#区域数据中心-regional-data-center) ### 资源受限的设备 Resource Constrained Device 设备边缘的一个子类别，指的是最后一英里网络设备边缘侧的设备，这些设备通常由电池供电，并且可以在省电模式下长时间运行。这些设备通常在本地连接到网关设备，网关设备又从本地网络之外的源（例如在基础设施边缘的边缘数据中心中操作的数据分析应用程序）发送和接收由它们生成并指向它们的数据。 > A subcategory of the device edge, referring to devices on the device edge side of the last mile network which are often battery-powered and may operate for extended periods of time in a power-saving mode. These devices are typically connected locally to a gateway device, which in turn transmits and receives data generated by and directed to them from sources outside of the local network, such as a data analysis application operating in an edge data center at the infrastructure edge. 另请参阅：[网关设备](#网关设备-gateway-device) > See also: [Gateway Device](#网关设备-gateway-device) ### 服务提供商 Service Provider 为客户提供网络访问权限的组织，其目标通常是通过最后一英里网络为客户提供互联网访问权限。客户通常会通过光纤电缆或无线蜂窝调制解调器从最后一英里的用户边缘侧连接到服务提供商的接入网络。 > An organization which provides customers with access to its network, typically with the goal of providing that customer access to the internet via a last mile network. A customer will usually connect to the access network of the service provider from the User Edge side of the last mile via a fiber optic cable or a wireless cellular modem. 另请参阅：[接入网络](#接入网络-access-network) > See also: [Access Network](#接入网络-access-network) ### 服务提供商边缘 Service Provider Edge LF边缘分类法中的两个主要边缘层之一，用于指定部署在最后一英里网络的服务提供商侧的边缘计算能力。服务提供商边缘由位于大都市地区服务提供商网络附近或为其提供支持的IT设备组成，包括接入网络和最近的互联网交换（IX）点之间的物理地理位置。服务提供商边缘进一步细分为接入边缘和区域边缘，通常能够提供延迟低于100ms的边缘计算。以前称为基础设施边缘。 > One of the two main edge tiers in the LF Edge taxonomy, used to specify edge computing capability deployed on the service provider side of the last mile network. The Service Provider Edge consists of IT equipment placed adjacent to or in support of service provider networks in a metropolitan region and encompasses the physical geography between the access networks and the nearest internet exchange (IX) points. The Service Provider Edge further subdivides into the Access Edge and Regional Edge and is typically capable of delivering edge computing with sub-100ms latencies. Formerly referred to as the Infrastructure Edge. 另请参阅：[区域边缘](#区域边缘-regional-edge)、[访问边缘](#接入边缘-access-edge)、[基础设施边缘](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) > See also: [Regional Edge](#区域边缘-regional-edge), [Access Edge](#接入边缘-access-edge), [Infrastructure Edge](#基础设施边缘-infrastructure-edge) ### 共享基础设施 Shared Infrastructure 多方使用单个计算、数据存储和网络资源，例如两个组织，每个组织使用一个边缘数据中心的一半，这与各方拥有自己的基础设施的异地办公不同。 > The use of a single piece of compute, data storage and network resources by multiple parties, for example two organizations each using half of a single edge data center, unlike co-location where each party possesses their own infrastructure. 另请参阅：[共同定位](#托管-colocation) > See also: [Co-Location](#托管-colocation) ### 智能设备边缘 Smart Device Edge 用户边缘的一个子类别，由位于物理安全数据中心之外但仍能够支持云原生软件开发的虚拟化和/或容器化技术的计算硬件组成。这些资源涵盖消费级移动设备和PC，以及为物联网用例部署的加固、无头网关和服务器，例如在具有挑战性的环境中，包括工厂车间、建筑设备室、农场和分布在城市内的防风雨外壳（见物联网边缘）。虽然这些设备能够进行通用计算，但由于各种原因，包括成本、电池寿命、外形因素和加固（包括热和物理），这些设备的性能受到限制，因此与上游数据中心的资源相比，这些设备在处理可扩展性方面存在实际限制。这些系统越来越倾向于以图形处理单元（GPU）或现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的形式进行协同处理，以加速分析，并增加分布散热的好处，这在极端环境中是有益的。智能设备边缘的资源可以作为单独的设备部署和使用（例如，工厂车间的智能手机或物联网网关），也可以嵌入分布式、独立的系统中，如联网/自动驾驶汽车、信息亭、油井和风力涡轮机。 > A subcategory of the User Edge consisting of compute hardware located outside physically-secure data centers but still capable of supporting virtualization and/or containerization technologies for cloud-native software development. These resources span consumer-grade mobile devices and PCs to hardened, headless gateways and servers that are deployed for IoT use cases, such as in challenging environments that include factory floors, building equipment rooms, farms and weatherproof enclosures distributed within a city (see IoT Edge). While capable of general-purpose compute, these devices are performance-constrained for various reasons including cost, battery life, form factor and ruggedization (both thermal and physical) and therefore have a practical limit on processing expandability when compared to resources in an upstream data center. There is an increasing trend for these systems to feature co-processing in the form of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) or Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to accelerate analytics, with the added benefit of distributing thermal dissipation which is beneficial in extreme environments. Resources at the Smart Device Edge can be deployed and used as separate devices (e.g., a smartphone or IoT gateway on a factory floor) or they can be embedded into distributed, self-contained systems such as connected/autonomous vehicles, kiosks, oil wells and wind turbines. 另请参阅：[用户边缘](#用户边缘-user-edge)、[内部部署数据中心边缘](#内部部署数据中心边缘-on-premises-data-center-edge)、[IoT边缘](#物联网边缘-iot-edge)、[Constrated Device Edge](#受约束的设备边缘-constrained-device-edge)。 > See also: [User Edge](#用户边缘-user-edge), [On-Premises Data Center Edge](#内部部署数据中心边缘-on-premises-data-center-edge), [IoT Edge](#物联网边缘-iot-edge), [Constrained Device Edge](#受约束的设备边缘-constrained-device-edge). ### 软PLC Soft PLC 一种虚拟化可编程逻辑控制器（PLC），可以与其他虚拟化和/或容器化应用程序一起整合到公共基础设施上，用于并行运行并与更高边缘层交互的数据管理、安全和分析应用程序。这种混合关键性工作负载的整合需要在抽象层中进行特定的考虑，以确保功能之间的关注点分离。 > A virtualized Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) that can be consolidated onto common infrastructure alongside additional virtualized and/or containerized applications for data management, security and analytics applications running in parallel and interacting with higher edge tiers. This consolidation of mixed-criticality workloads requires specific considerations in the abstraction layer to ensure separation of concerns between functions. ### 软实时 Soft Real Time 与延迟敏感的应用程序相关，如视频流，应用程序依赖低延迟网络来提供良好的用户体验，但网络故障或延迟不会导致严重且可能危及生命的故障。为了方便和规模经济，具有软实时要求的应用程序通常从服务提供商边缘交付。 > Associated with latency-sensitive applications, such as video streaming, where the application relies on low-latency networking to provide a good user experience but where a networking failure or delay will not cause a critical and potentially life-threatening malfunction. Applications with soft real time requirements are often delivered from the Service Provider Edge for convenience and economies of scale. 另请参阅：[硬实时](#硬实时-hard-real-time) > See also: [Hard Real Time](#硬实时-hard-real-time) ### 吞吐量 Throughput 在网络数据传输的上下文中，每秒能够在两个或多个端点之间传输的数据量。以比特每秒为单位测量，通常按要求以兆比特或千兆比特为单位。尽管应用程序运行通常需要最低水平的吞吐量，但在此之后，延迟通常会成为限制应用程序和破坏用户体验的因素。 > In the context of network data transmission, the amount of data per second that is able to be transmitted between two or more endpoints. Measured in terms of bits per second typically at megabit or gigabit scales as required. Although a minimum level of throughput is often required for applications to function, after this latency typically becomes the application-limiting and user experience-damaging factor. 另请参阅：[服务质量（QoS）](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) > See also: [Quality of Service (QoS)](#服务质量qos-quality-of-service-qos) ### 厚计算 Thick Compute 在边缘计算的上下文中，指的是通常位于智能设备边缘和本地数据中心边缘的高端网关和服务器类计算。可以部署在安全数据中心内部或外部。 > In the context of edge computing, refers to higher-end gateways and server-class compute located usually at the Smart Device Edge and the On-Premises Data Center Edge. Can be deployed inside or outside of secure data centers. 另请参阅：[薄计算](#薄计算-thin-compute) > See also: [Thin Compute](#薄计算-thin-compute) ### 薄计算 Thin Compute 在边缘计算的上下文中，指的是网关、集线器和路由器形式的更受约束的边缘计算资源，这些资源只有最小的处理能力，通常与其他功能更强大的（Thick compute）设备一起使用来执行计算。智能设备边缘的一部分，通常部署在物理安全的数据中心之外。 > In the context of edge computing, refers to more constrained edge compute resources in the form of gateways, hubs and routers that have only minimal processing power and which are usually used in conjunction with other, more powerful (Thick Compute) devices to perform computations. Part of Smart Device Edge, typically deployed outside of physically secure data centers. 另请参阅：[厚计算](#厚计算-thick-compute) > See also: [Thick Compute](#厚计算-thick-compute) ### 轻ML Tiny ML 在基于微控制器的设备中部署有限功能机器学习（ML）推理模型，通常在受限设备边缘。需要高度专业化的工具集来容纳可用的处理资源。一个例子是ML模型，它使智能扬声器能够在计算机连续体的服务器处理后续语音交互之前，在本地识别唤醒词（例如“嘿，谷歌/Alexa/Siri”）。 > Deploying limited-function Machine Learning (ML) inferencing models in microcontroller-based devices, typically at the Constrained Device Edge. Requires highly specialized toolsets to accommodate the available processing resources. An example is an ML model that enables a smart speaker to recognize a wake word (e.g. “Hey Google/Alexa/Siri”) locally before subsequent voice interactions are processed by servers further up the compute continuum. ### 交通卸载 Traffic Offloading 将通常效率低下的数据（如长途、拥塞或高成本网络）重新路由到另一个更本地的目的地（如CDN缓存），或路由到成本更低或更高效的网络的过程。本地突破是使用边缘计算进行流量卸载的一个例子。 > The process of re-routing data that would normally be delivered inefficiently‚ such as over long distance, congested, or high cost networks‚ to an alternative, more local destination (e.g., a CDN cache) or on to a lower-cost or more efficient network. Local Breakout is an example of using edge computing for traffic offloading. 另请参阅：[局部突破](#局部突破-local-breakout) > See also: [Local Breakout](#局部突破-local-breakout) ### 驻场 Truck Roll 在边缘计算的上下文中，向边缘计算位置（例如边缘数据中心）派遣人员的行为，通常是为了解决或排除检测到的问题。这些地点通常是远程的，大部分时间都是远程操作，没有现场人员。这使得驻场的成本和其他实际考虑因素成为边缘计算运营商的潜在问题。 > In the context of edge computing, the act of sending personnel to an edge computing location, such as to an edge data center, typically to resolve or troubleshoot a detected issue. Such locations are often remote and operate for the majority of the time remotely, without onsite personnel. This makes the cost other practical considerations of truck rolls a potential concern for edge computing operators. ### 用户边缘 User Edge 边缘计算能力，部署在最后一英里网络的用户端，也称为设备边缘。LF边缘分类法中的两个主要边缘层之一，由服务器、存储和网络以及设备组成，部署在最后一英里网络的下游侧。用户边缘资源与物理世界中的最终用户和进程相邻，涵盖了广泛的设备类型，包括网关、服务器和最终用户设备。用户边缘上的工作负载通常与服务提供商边缘上的资源协同工作，但能够通过处理数据来实现较低的延迟并节省宽带网络带宽，而不需要数据通过最后一英里网络。与服务提供商边缘相比，用户边缘代表了高度多样化的资源组合。用户边缘包含内部部署数据中心边缘、智能设备边缘和受限设备边缘子类别。 > Edge computing capability which is deployed on the user side of the last mile network, also referred to as the Device Edge. One of the two main edge tiers in the LF Edge taxonomy, consisting of server, storage and networking, as well as devices, deployed on the downstream side of the last mile networks. User Edge resources are adjacent to end-users and processes in the physical world and encompass a wide range of equipment types, including gateways, servers, and end user devices. Workloads on the User Edge often work in conjunction with resources on the Service Provider Edge but are able to achieve lower latencies and conserve broadband network bandwidth by processing data without requiring it to pass across the last mile networks. Compared to the Service Provider Edge, the User Edge represents a highly diverse mix of resources. The User Edge contains the subcategories On-Premises Data Center Edge, Smart Device Edge and Constrained Device Edge. 另请参阅：内部部署数据中心边缘、智能设备边缘和受限设备边缘。 > See also: On-Premises Data Center Edge, Smart Device Edge and Constrained Device Edge. 另请参阅：[本地数据中心边缘](#内部部署数据中心边缘-on-premises-data-center-edge)、[智能设备边缘](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge)、[受限设备边缘] > See also: [On-Premises Data Center Edge](#内部部署数据中心边缘-on-premises-data-center-edge), [Smart Device Edge](#智能设备边缘-smart-device-edge), [Constrained Device Edge](constrained-device-edge) ### 车辆2所有（V2X） Vehicle 2 Everything (V2X) V2I的超集，指的是类似V2I的技术，这些技术允许联网或自动驾驶车辆连接到其基础设施之外的其他设备，包括其他车辆、路边机柜和交通设备。 > A superset of V2I which refers to V2I-like technologies that allow a connected or autonomous vehicle to connect to more than its infrastructure, including to other vehicles, streetside cabinets, and traffic devices. 另请参阅：[车辆2基础设施](#车辆2基础设施v2i-vehicle-2-infrastructure-v2i) > See also: [Vehicle 2 Infrastructure](#车辆2基础设施v2i-vehicle-2-infrastructure-v2i) ### 车辆2基础设施（V2I） Vehicle 2 Infrastructure (V2I) 用于允许联网或自动驾驶汽车连接到其支持基础设施的技术集合，例如在基础设施边缘的边缘数据中心中运行的机器视觉和路线查找应用程序。通常使用较新的蜂窝通信技术，如5G或Wi-Fi 6作为其接入网络。 > The collection of technologies used to allow a connected or autonomous vehicle to connect to its supporting infrastructure such as an machine vision and route finding application operating in an edge data center at the infrastructure edge. Typically uses newer cellular communications technologies such as 5G or Wi-Fi 6 as its access network. 另请参阅：[Vehicle 2 Everything](#车辆2所有v2x-vehicle-2-everything-v2x) > See also: [Vehicle 2 Everything](#车辆2所有v2x-vehicle-2-everything-v2x) ### 虚拟数据中心 Virtual Data Center 由多个物理边缘数据中心构建的虚拟实体，以便在外部将它们视为一个。在虚拟数据中心内，可以根据负载平衡、故障切换或操作员偏好，根据需要将工作负载智能地放置在特定的边缘数据中心或可用性区域内。在这样的配置中，边缘数据中心通过低延迟网络互连，并被设计为创建冗余和有弹性的边缘计算基础设施。 > A virtual entity constructed from multiple physical edge data centers such that they can be considered externally as one. Within the virtual data center, workloads can be intelligently placed within specific edge data centers or availability zones as required based on load balancing, failover or operator preference. In such a configuration, edge data centers are interconnected by low-latency networking and are designed to create a redundant and resilient edge computing infrastructure. 另请参阅：[边缘数据中心](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) > See also: [Edge Data Center](#边缘数据中心-edge-data-center) ### 虚拟化网络功能（VNF） Virtualized Network Function (VNF) 一种基于软件的网络功能，在通用计算资源上运行，由NFV代替专用物理设备使用。在许多情况下，几个VNF将在基础设施边缘的边缘数据中心上运行。 > A software-based network function operating on general-purpose compute resources which is used by NFV in place of dedicated physical equipment. In many cases, several VNFs will operate on an edge data center at the infrastructure edge. 另请参阅：[网络功能虚拟化（NFV）](#网络功能虚拟化nfv-network-function-virtualization-nfv) > See also: [Network Function Virtualization (NFV)](#网络功能虚拟化nfv-network-function-virtualization-nfv) ### 工作负载编排 Workload Orchestration 一种智能系统，它动态地确定要在从集中式和区域性数据中心到基础设施边缘和设备边缘可用资源的计算、数据存储和网络资源范围内处理的应用程序工作负载的最佳位置、时间和优先级。工作负载可以标记有特定的性能和成本要求，这决定了它们将在哪里操作，因为满足它们的资源可以使用。 > An intelligent system which dynamically determines the optimal location, time and priority for application workloads to be processed on the range of compute, data storage and network resources from the centralized and regional data centers to the resources available at both the infrastructure edge and device edge. Workloads may be tagged with specific performance and cost requirements which determines where they are to be operated as resources that meet them are available for use. 另请参阅：[Management and Orchestration (MANO)](#管理和编排mano-management-and-orchestration-mano) > See also: [管理和编排（MANO）](#管理和编排mano-management-and-orchestration-mano) ### 交叉链路 xHaul （“交叉链路”）两个或多个网络或数据中心基础设施的高速互连。前传和回传就是xhaul的例子。 > ("crosshaul") The high-speed interconnection of two or more pieces of network or data center infrastructure. Backhaul and fronthaul are examples of xhaul. 另请参阅：[互连](#互连-interconnection) > See also: [Interconnection](#互连-interconnection) # 参考： - [Open Glossary of Edge Computing [v2.1.0]](https://github.com/State-of-the-Edge/glossary/blob/master/edge-glossary.md) 标签: none 本作品采用 知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议 进行许可。
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